Pointer types

 

C++

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Concepts

Utilities library

Strings library

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Regular expressions library (C++11)

Atomic operations library (C++11)

Thread support library (C++11)

 

C++ language

General topics
Preprocessor Comments Keywords	ASCII chart Escape sequences History of C++
Flow control
Conditional execution statements
if statement	switch statement
Iteration statements
for loop range-for loop (C++11)	while loop do-while loop
Jump statements
continue statement break statement	goto statement return statement
Functions
function declaration
lambda function declaration
function template
inline specifier
exception specifications (deprecated)
noexcept specifier (C++11)
Exceptions
throw expression	try-catch block
Namespaces
namespace declaration	namespace aliases
Types
fundamental types compound types enumeration types	union types function types
decltype specifier (C++11)
Specifiers
cv specifiers
storage duration specifiers
constexpr specifier (C++11)
auto specifier (C++11)
alignas specifier (C++11)
Initialization
default initialization value initialization zero initialization copy initialization direct initialization	aggregate initialization list initialization (C++11) constant initialization reference initialization

Literals
integer literals character literals floating-point literals string literals	boolean literals nullptr (C++11) user-defined (C++11)
Expressions
value categories order of evaluation	operators operator precedence
alternative representations
Utilities
Types
typedef declaration
type alias declaration (C++11)
attributes (C++11)
Casts
implicit conversions
const_cast conversion
static_cast conversion
dynamic_cast conversion
reinterpret_cast conversion
C-style and functional cast
Memory allocation
new expression	delete expression
Classes
class declaration this pointer access specifiers	friend specifier initializer lists
Class-specific function properties
virtual function override specifier (C++11) final specifier (C++11)	explicit (C++11) static
Special member functions
default constructor copy constructor move constructor (C++11)	copy assignment move assignment (C++11) destructor
Templates
class template
function template
template specialization
parameter packs (C++11)
Miscellaneous
Inline assembly

 

Syntax

cv type * cv identifier	(1)
cv type * cv * cv identifier	(2)
return ( * identifier ) ( param_types )	(3)
return ( class_name :: * identifier ) ( param_types ) cv_qualifier	(4)
cv type & identifier	(5)
cv type * cv & identifier	(6)
cv type && identifier	(7)	(since C++11)

Explanation

1. Pointer to data
2. Super-pointer to pointer to data
3. Pointer to function
4. Pointer to member function
5. Reference
6. Pointer to reference
7. r-value reference

Notes

• If cv is before *, the pointed-to object is affected.
• If cv is after *, the pointer is affected.

Syntax	meaning
const T *	pointer to constant object
T const *	pointer to constant object
T * const	constant pointer to object
const T * const	constant pointer to constant object
const T &	reference to constant object

Example

#include <iostream>
 
struct Class
{
    int data_member;
 
    void member_function(int i) const
    {
        std::cout << "Member function: " << i << std::endl;
    }
 
    static void static_member_function ( int i )
    {
        std::cout << "Static member function: " << i << std::endl;
    }
};
 
void global_function ( int i )
{
        std::cout << "Global function: " << i << std::endl;
}
 
int main()
{
    Class object;
 
    Class *ptr = &object;
    ptr->member_function(1);
 
    Class &ref = object;
    ref.data_member = 2;
    std::cout << "object.data_member = " << object.data_member << std::endl;
 
    void (Class::*ptr_to_memfun)(int) const = &Class::member_function;
    (object.*ptr_to_memfun)(3);
    (ptr->*ptr_to_memfun)(4);
 
    void (*ptr_to_fun)(int) = Class::static_member_function;
    ptr_to_fun(5);
 
    ptr_to_fun = global_function;
    ptr_to_fun(6);
 
}

Output:

Member function: 1
object.data_member = 2
Member function: 3
Member function: 4
Static member function: 5
Global function: 6