Complex number arithmetic

The header <complex.h> defines macros and declares functions that support complex number arithmetic. Complex values are values of type double complex, float complex, long double complex,

If the macro constant __STDC_IEC_559_COMPLEX__(C99) is defined by the compiler, in addition to the complex types, the imaginary types are also supported: double imaginary, float imaginary, and long double imaginary. When a value of imaginary type is converted to a value of complex type, the resulting complex type has its real component set to zero. When a value of complex type is converted to a value of imaginary type, the real component is discarded.

Standard arithmetic operators +, -, *, / can be used with real, complex, and imaginary types in any combination.

If the macro constant __STDC_NO_COMPLEX__(C11) is defined by the compiler, the header <complex.h> and all of the names listed here are not provided.

If #pragma STDC CX_LIMITED_RANGE on is used, complex multiplication, division, and absolute value may use simplified mathematical formulas, despite the possibility of intermediate overflow.

Defined in header <complex.h>

#include <stdio.h>        /* printf()                       */
#include <complex.h>      /* complex, float complex, I, ... */
 
int main () {
 
    #ifdef __STDC_IEC_559_COMPLEX__
           printf("_STDC_IEC_559_COMPLEX__ defined\n");
    #else
           printf("_STDC_IEC_559_COMPLEX__ not defined\n");
    #endif
    #ifdef __STDC_NO_COMPLEX__
           printf("__STDC_NO_COMPLEX__ defined\n");
    #else
           printf("__STDC_NO_COMPLEX__ not defined\n");
    #endif
    printf("\n");
 
    printf("%2zu\n", sizeof(float complex));           /*  8 */
    printf("%2zu\n", sizeof(double complex));          /* 16 */
    printf("%2zu\n", sizeof(long double complex));     /* implementation-defined */
    return 0;
}

Output:

_STDC_IEC_559_COMPLEX__ defined
__STDC_NO_COMPLEX__ not defined
 
 8
16
32

Language
Standard Library
Type support
Dynamic memory management
Error handling
Program utilities
Date and time utilities
Strings library
Algorithms
Numerics
Input/output support
Localization support
Thread support (C11)
Atomic operations (C11)

Common mathematical functions
Floating-point environment
Complex number arithmetics
Random number generation
Type-generic math

Complex number arithmetic

Contents

Types

The imaginary constant

Manipulation

Exponential functinos

Power functions

Trigonometric functions

Hyperbolic functions

[edit] Example