C++20
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< cpp
The next major revision of the C++ standard
This section is incomplete |
Following features are about to be merged into C++20:
- From TS's: Coroutines, Modules, Constraints and concepts, abbreviated function templates,
- From TS's: Ranges, uniform container erasure (std::erase/std::erase_if)
New language features
- feature test
- 3-way comparison operator <=> and operator==() = default
- designated initializers
- init-statements and initializers in range-for
- char8_t
-
[[no_unique_address]]
-
[[likely]]
-
[[unlikely]]
- pack-expansions in lambda captures
- removed the requirement to use
typename
to disambiguate types in many contexts - consteval, constinit
- further relaxed constexpr
- signed integers are 2's complement
- aggregate initialization using parentheses
- array new can deduce array size
- Coroutines
- Modules
- Concepts
- abbreviated function templates
New library features
New headers
- <concepts>
- <coroutine>
- <compare>
- <version>
- <source_location>
- <format>
- <span>
- <ranges>
- <bit>
- <numbers>
- <syncstream>
Library features
- Formatting library
- Calendar and Time Zone library
- std::source_location
- std::span
- std::endian
- array support for make_shared
- std::remove_cvref
- std::to_address
- floating point and shared_ptr atomics
- std::barrier, std::latch, and semaphores
- std::jthread and thread cancellation classes
-
<version>
- std::osyncstream
- std::u8string and other char8_t uses
- constexpr for <algorithm>, <utility>, <complex>
- std::string(_view)::starts_with and ends_with
- assume_aligned
- bind_front
- c8rtomb/mbrtoc8
- make_obj_using_allocator etc
- make_shared_for_overwrite/make_unique_for_overwrite
- heterogeneous lookup in unordered_map etc
- fully-specialized std::polymoprhic_allocator<>
- std::execution::unseq
- std::midpoint and std::lerp
- std::ssize. std::is_bounded_array
- Ranges, uniform container erasure (std::erase/std::erase_if)
- Mathematical constants
Defect reports
This section is incomplete |
Compiler support
Main Article: C++ compiler support Note that this list may change, as the draft C++2a standard evolves.
C++2a core language features
C++2a feature |
Paper(s) |
GCC |
Clang |
MSVC |
Apple Clang |
EDG eccp |
Intel C++ |
IBM XLC++ |
Sun/Oracle C++ |
Embarcadero C++ Builder |
Cray |
Portland Group (PGI) |
Nvidia nvcc |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allow lambda-capture [=, this]
|
P0409R2 | 8 | 6 | 19.22* |
10.0.0* |
5.1 | ||||||||
__VA_OPT__
|
P0306R4 P1042R1 |
8 (partial)* | 9 |
10.0.0* |
5.1 | |||||||||
Designated initializers | P0329R4 | 4.7 (partial)* 8 |
3.0 (partial)* 10 |
19.21* | 5.1 | |||||||||
template-parameter-list for generic lambdas | P0428R2 | 8 | 9 | 19.22* | 5.1 | |||||||||
Default member initializers for bit-fields | P0683R1 | 8 | 6 |
10.0.0* |
5.1 | |||||||||
Initializer list constructors in class template argument deduction | P0702R1 | 8 | 6 | 19.14* | 5.0 | |||||||||
const&-qualified pointers to members | P0704R1 | 8 | 6 | 19.0* |
10.0.0* |
5.1 | ||||||||
Concepts | P0734R0 | 6 (TS only) 10 |
10 | 19.23* (partial)* | ||||||||||
Lambdas in unevaluated contexts | P0315R4 | 9 | ||||||||||||
Three-way comparison operator | P0515R3 | 10 | 8 (partial) 10 |
19.20* | 5.1 | |||||||||
DR: Simplifying implicit lambda capture | P0588R1 | 8 | 19.24* | 5.1 | ||||||||||
init-statements for range-based for | P0614R1 | 9 | 8 |
11.0.0* |
6.0 | |||||||||
Default constructible and assignable stateless lambdas | P0624R2 | 9 | 8 | 19.22* | 5.1 | |||||||||
const mismatch with defaulted copy constructor | P0641R2 | 9 | 8 | 19.21* (partial) | 5.1 | |||||||||
Access checking on specializations | P0692R1 | Yes | 8 (partial) | 5.1 | ||||||||||
ADL and function templates that are not visible | P0846R0 | 9 | 9 | 19.21* | 5.1 | |||||||||
Less eager instantiation of constexpr functions | P0859R0 | 5.2 (partial)* 9 |
||||||||||||
Attributes [[likely]] and [[unlikely]]
|
P0479R5 | 9 | 5.1 | |||||||||||
Make typename more optional
|
P0634R3 | 9 | 5.1 | |||||||||||
Pack expansion in lambda init-capture | P0780R2 | 9 | 9 | 19.22* | ||||||||||
Attribute [[no_unique_address]]
|
P0840R2 | 9 | 9 | 5.1 | ||||||||||
DR: Relaxing the structured bindings customization point finding rules | P0961R1 | 8 | 8 | 19.21* |
10.0.0* |
5.1 | ||||||||
DR: Relaxing the range-for loop customization point finding rules
|
P0962R1 | 8 | 5.1 | |||||||||||
DR: Allow structured bindings to accessible members | P0969R0 | 8 | 8 | 19.21* |
10.0.0* |
5.1 | ||||||||
Destroying operator delete | P0722R3 | 9 | 6 |
10.0.0* |
6.1 | |||||||||
Class types in non-type template parameters | P0732R2 | 9 | ||||||||||||
Deprecate implicit capture of this via [=]
|
P0806R2 | 9 | 19.22* | 5.1 | ||||||||||
explicit(bool) | P0892R2 | 9 | 9 | 19.24* | 5.1 | |||||||||
Integrating feature-test macros | P0941R2 | 5 | 3.4 | 19.15* (partial) 19.20* |
5.0 | |||||||||
Prohibit aggregates with user-declared constructors | P1008R1 | 9 | 8 | 19.20* |
10.0.0* |
5.1 | ||||||||
constexpr virtual function | P1064R0 | 9 | 9 | 5.1 | ||||||||||
Consistency improvements for comparisons | P1120R0 | 10 | 8 (partial) 10 |
19.22* | 5.1 | |||||||||
char8_t
|
P0482R6 | 9 | 7 | 19.22* | 5.1 | |||||||||
std::is_constant_evaluated() | P0595R2 | 9 | 9 | 5.1 | 19.1 | |||||||||
constexpr try -catch blocks
|
P1002R1 | 9 | 8 |
10.0.0* |
5.1 | |||||||||
Immediate functions | P1073R3 | 10 (partial)* | 5.1 | |||||||||||
Nested inline namespaces | P1094R2 | 9 | 8 | 5.1 | ||||||||||
Yet another approach for constrained declarations | P1141R2 | 10 | ||||||||||||
Signed integers are two's complement | P1236R1 | 9 | 9 | |||||||||||
constexpr dynamic_cast and polymorphic typeid
|
P1327R1 | 10 | 9 | 5.1 | ||||||||||
Changing the active member of a union inside constexpr | P1330R0 | 9 | 9 | 19.10* | 5.1 | |||||||||
Coroutines | P0912R5 | 10 (partial) | 8 (partial) | 5.1 | ||||||||||
Parenthesized initialization of aggregates | P0960R3 | 10 | 5.1 | |||||||||||
DR: Array size deduction in new-expressions | P1009R2 | 9 | 5.1 | |||||||||||
Modules | P1103R3 | 8 (partial) | ||||||||||||
Stronger Unicode requirements | P1041R4 P1139R2 |
10 | Yes | N/A | ||||||||||
<=> != ==
|
P1185R2 | 10 | 10 | 19.22* | 5.1 | |||||||||
DR: Explicitly defaulted functions with different exception specifications | P1286R2 | 10 | 9 | 5.1 | ||||||||||
Lambda capture and storage class specifiers of structured bindings | P1091R3 P1381R1 |
10 | 8 (partial) | 5.1 | ||||||||||
Permit conversions to arrays of unknown bound | P0388R4 | 10 | 6.0 | |||||||||||
constexpr container operations | P0784R7 | 10 | 10 | 6.0 | ||||||||||
Deprecating some uses of volatile
|
P1152R4 | 10 | 10 | 6.0 | ||||||||||
constinit | P1143R2 | 10 | 10 | |||||||||||
Deprecate comma operator in subscripts | P1161R3 | 10 | 9 | 6.0 | ||||||||||
[[nodiscard]] with message
|
P1301R4 | 10 | 9 | 6.0 | ||||||||||
Trivial default initialization in constexpr functions | P1331R2 | 10 | 10 | 6.0 | ||||||||||
Unevaluated asm-declaration in constexpr functions | P1668R1 | 10 | 10 | 6.1 | ||||||||||
using enum | P1099R5 | 19.24* | ||||||||||||
Synthesizing three-way comparison for specified comparison category | P1186R3 | 10 | 10 | 19.24* | 6.0 | |||||||||
DR: [[nodiscard]] for constructors
|
P1771R1 | 10 | 9 | 19.24* | 6.0 | |||||||||
Class template argument deduction for alias templates | P1814R0 | 10 | ||||||||||||
Class template argument deduction for aggregates | P1816R0 | 10 | ||||||||||||
DR: Implicit move for more local objects and rvalue references | P1825R0 | 19.24* | 6.0 | |||||||||||
C++2a feature |
Paper(s) |
GCC |
Clang |
MSVC |
Apple Clang |
EDG eccp |
Intel C++ |
IBM XLC++ |
Sun/Oracle C++ |
Embarcadero C++ Builder |
Cray |
Portland Group (PGI) |
Nvidia nvcc |
C++2a library features
C++2a feature |
Paper(s) |
GCC libstdc++ |
Clang libc++ |
MSVC Standard Library |
Apple Clang |
Sun/Oracle C++ Standard Library |
Embarcadero C++ Builder Standard Library |
Cray C++ Standard Library |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
std::endian | P0463R1 | 8 | 7 | 19.22* |
| ||||
Extending std::make_shared() to support arrays | P0674R1 | ||||||||
Floating point atomic | P0020R6 | 10 | 19.22* |
| |||||
Synchronized buffered ostream | P0053R7 |
| |||||||
constexpr for <algorithm> and <utility>
|
P0202R3 | 10 | 8 (partial) |
| |||||
More constexpr for <complex>
|
P0415R1 | 9 | 7 (partial) |
| |||||
Make std::memory_order a scoped enumeration | P0439R0 | 9 | 9 |
| |||||
String prefix and suffix checking | P0457R2 | 9 | 6 | 19.21* |
| ||||
Library support for operator<=> <compare>
|
P0768R1 | 10 | 7 (partial) | 19.20* (partial) |
| ||||
std::remove_cvref | P0550R2 | 9 | 6 | 19.20* |
| ||||
[[nodiscard]] in the standard library
|
P0600R1 | 9 | 7 (partial) | 19.13* (partial) 19.22* |
| ||||
Using std::move in numeric algorithms
|
P0616R0 | 9 | 19.23* |
| |||||
Utility to convert a pointer to a raw pointer | P0653R2 | 8 | 6 | 19.22* |
| ||||
Atomic std::shared_ptr and std::weak_ptr | P0718R2 | ||||||||
std::span | P0122R7 | 10 | 7 |
| |||||
Calendar and timezone | P0355R7 | 7 (partial) |
| ||||||
<version> | P0754R2 | 9 | 7 | 19.22* |
| ||||
Comparing unordered containers | P0809R0 | 16.0* |
| ||||||
ConstexprIterator requirements | P0858R0 | 9 | 19.11* |
| |||||
std::basic_string::reserve() should not shrink | P0966R1 | 8 | |||||||
std::atomic_ref | P0019R8 | 10 |
| ||||||
contains() member function of associative containers
|
P0458R2 | 9 | 19.21* |
| |||||
DR: Guaranteed copy elision for piecewise construction | P0475R1 | 9 |
| ||||||
std::bit_cast() | P0476R2 |
| |||||||
Integral power-of-2 operations | P0556R3 | 9 |
| ||||||
Improving the return value of erase-like algorithms | P0646R1 | 9 | 19.21* |
| |||||
std::destroying_delete | P0722R3 | 9 | 9 |
| |||||
std::is_nothrow_convertible | P0758R1 | 9 | 9 | 19.23* |
| ||||
Add shift to <algorithm>
|
P0769R2 | 19.21* |
| ||||||
Constexpr for std::swap() and swap related functions
|
P0879R0 | 10 |
| ||||||
std::type_identity | P0887R1 | 9 | 8 | 19.21* |
| ||||
Concepts library | P0898R3 | 10 | 19.23* |
| |||||
constexpr comparison operators for std::array
|
P1023R0 | 10 | 8 | ||||||
std::unwrap_ref_decay and std::unwrap_reference
|
P0318R1 | 9 | 8 | 19.21* |
| ||||
std::bind_front() | P0356R5 | 9 |
| ||||||
std::reference_wrapper for incomplete types | P0357R3 | 9 | 8 |
| |||||
Fixing operator>>(basic_istream&, CharT*) | P0487R1 | 8 | 19.23* |
| |||||
Library support for char8_t
|
P0482R6 | 9 | 19.22* |
| |||||
Utility functions to implement uses-allocator construction | P0591R4 | 9 |
| ||||||
DR: std::variant and std::optional should propagate copy/move triviality | P0602R4 | 8.3 | 8 | 19.11* |
| ||||
A sane std::variant converting constructor | P0608R3 | 10 | 9 |
| |||||
std::function's move constructor should be noexcept
|
P0771R1 | 7.2 | 6 | 19.22* |
| ||||
The One Ranges Proposal | P0896R4 |
| |||||||
Heterogeneous lookup for unordered containers | P0919R3 | 19.23* |
| ||||||
<chrono> zero() , min() , and max() should be noexcept
|
P0972R0 | 9 | 8 | 19.14* |
| ||||
constexpr in std::pointer_traits
|
P1006R1 | 9 | 8 |
| |||||
std::assume_aligned() | P1007R3 | 9 |
| ||||||
Remove comparison operators of std::span
|
P1085R2 | 10 | 8 |
| |||||
Make stateful allocator propagation more consistent for operator+(basic_string) | P1165R1 | 10 |
| ||||||
Consistent container erasure | P1209R0 | 9 | 8 | ||||||
std::lerp() and std::midpoint() | P0811R3 | 9 | 9 |
| |||||
Usability enhancements for std::span
|
P1024R3 | 10 | 9 |
| |||||
DR: Make create_directory() Intuitive | P1164R1 | 8.3 | 19.20* |
| |||||
std::ssize() and unsigned extent for std::span
|
P1227R2 | 10 | 9 |
| |||||
Traits for (un)bounded arrays | P1357R0 | 9 | 9 | ||||||
std::to_array() | P0325R4 | 10 |
| ||||||
Efficient access to std::basic_stringbuf’s Buffer | P0408R7 |
| |||||||
Layout-compatibility and pointer-interconvertibility traits | P0466R5 |
| |||||||
Bit operations | P0553R4 | 9 | 9 |
| |||||
Mathematical constants | P0631R8 | 10 |
| ||||||
Text formatting | P0645R10 |
| |||||||
std::stop_token and std::jthread | P0660R10 | 10 |
| ||||||
constexpr std::allocator and related utilities | P0784R7 | 10 |
| ||||||
constexpr std::string | P0980R1 |
| |||||||
constexpr std::vector | P1004R2 |
| |||||||
Input range adaptors | P1035R7 |
| |||||||
constexpr std::invoke() and related utilities | P1065R2 | 10 |
| ||||||
Atomic waiting and notifying, std::counting_semaphore, std::latch and std::barrier | P1135R6 |
| |||||||
std::source_location | P1208R6 | 7 (TS only) |
| ||||||
Adding <=> to the standard library
|
P1614R2 | ||||||||
C++2a feature |
Paper(s) |
GCC libstdc++ |
Clang libc++ |
MSVC Standard Library |
Apple Clang |
Sun/Oracle C++ Standard Library |
Embarcadero C++ Builder Standard Library |
Cray C++ Standard Library |
* - hover over the version number to see notes