GROFF_CHAR

NAME
DESCRIPTION
REFERENCE
7-bit Character Codes 32–126
8-bit Character Codes 160 to 255
Named Glyphs
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO

NAME

groff_char - groff glyph names

DESCRIPTION

This manual page lists the standard groff glyph names and the default input mapping, latin1. The glyphs in this document look different depending on which output device was chosen (with option -T for the man(1) program or the roff formatter). Glyphs not available for the device that is being used to print or view this manual page are marked with ‘(N/A)’; the device currently used is ‘html’.

In the actual version, groff provides only 8-bit characters for direct input and named entities for further glyphs. On ASCII platforms, input character codes in the range 0 to 127 (decimal) represent the usual 7-bit ASCII characters, while codes between 127 and 255 are interpreted as the corresponding characters in the latin1 (ISO-8859-1) code set by default. This mapping is contained in the file latin1.tmac and can be changed by loading a different input encoding. Note that some of the input characters are reserved by groff, either for internal use or for special input purposes. On EBCDIC platforms, only code page cp1047 is supported (which contains the same characters as latin1; the input encoding file is called cp1047.tmac). Again, some input characters are reserved for internal and special purposes.

All roff systems provide the concept of named glyphs. In traditional roff systems, only names of length 2 were used, while groff also provides support for longer names. It is strongly suggested that only named glyphs are used for all character representations outside of the printable 7-bit ASCII range.

Some of the predefined groff escape sequences (with names of length 1) also produce single glyphs; these exist for historical reasons or are printable versions of syntactical characters. They include ‘\\’, ‘\'’, ‘\`’, ‘\-’, ‘\.’, and ‘\e’; see groff(7).

In groff, all of these different types of characters and glyphs can be tested positively with the ‘.if c’ conditional.

REFERENCE

In this section, the glyphs in groff are specified in tabular form. The meaning of the columns is as follows.
Output

shows how the glyph is printed for the current device; although this can have quite a different shape on other devices, it always represents the same glyph.

Input

specifies how the glyph is input either directly by a key on the keyboard, or by a groff escape sequence.

Code

applies to glyphs which can be input with a single character, and gives the ISO latin1 decimal code of that input character. Note that this code is equivalent to the lowest 256 Unicode characters, including 7-bit ASCII in the range 0 to 127.

PostScript

gives the usual PostScript name of the glyph.

Unicode

is the glyph name used in composite glyph names. The names in the Unicode column look like u0021 or u0041_0300. In groff, the corresponding Unicode characters can be constructed by adding a backslash and a pair of square brackets, for example \[u0021] or \[u0041_0300].

7-bit Character Codes 32–126

These are the basic glyphs having 7-bit ASCII code values assigned. They are identical to the printable characters of the character standards ISO-8859-1 (latin1) and Unicode (range Basic Latin). The glyph names used in composite glyph names are ‘u0020’ up to ‘u007E’.

Note that input characters in the range 0-31 and character 127 are not printable characters. Most of them are invalid input characters for groff anyway, and the valid ones have special meaning. For EBCDIC, the printable characters are in the range 66-255.

48-57

Decimal digits 0 to 9 (print as themselves).

65-90

Upper case letters A-Z (print as themselves).

97-122

Lower case letters a–z (print as themselves).

Most of the remaining characters not in the just described ranges print as themselves; the only exceptions are the following characters:

`

the ISO latin1 ‘Grave Accent’ (code 96) prints as ‘, a left single quotation mark (Unicode u2018). The same output glyph can be requested explicitly with ‘\(oq’. The original character can be obtained with ‘\‘’ (Unicode u0060).

'

the ISO latin1 ‘Apostrophe’ (code 39) prints as ’, a right single quotation mark (Unicode u2019). The same output glyph is commonly used in typography to represent a punctation apostrophe, for example in contractions. It can be requested explicitly with ‘\(cq’. The original character can be obtained with ‘\(aq’ (Unicode u0027).

-

the ISO latin1 ‘Hyphen, Minus Sign’ (code 45) prints as a hyphen (Unicode u2010). The same output glyph can be requested explicitly with ‘\(hy’. A minus sign can be obtained with ‘\-’ (Unicode u2212).

˜

the ISO latin1 ‘Tilde’ (code 126) is reduced in size to be usable as a diacritic (Unicode u02DC). A larger glyph can be obtained with ‘\(ti’ (Unicode u007E).

ˆ

the ISO latin1 ‘Circumflex Accent’ (code 94) is reduced in size to be usable as a diacritic (Unicode u02C6); a larger glyph can be obtained with ‘\(ha’ (Unicode u005E).

Output Input Code PostScriptUnicode Notes !!33 exclam u0021exclamation mark (bang)""34 quotedblu0022 double quote##35 numbersignu0023 number sign$$36 dollaru0024 currency dollar sign%%37 percentu0025 percent&&38 ampersandu0026 ampersand’'39 quoterightu2019 right quote'\(aq quotesingleu0027 apostrophe quote((40 parenleftu0028 parentheses left))41 parenrightu0029 parentheses right**42 asterisku002A asterisk++43 plusu002B plus,,44 commau002C comma--45 hyphen u2010hyphen−\-minus u2212minus sign..46 periodu002E period, dot//47 slashu002F slash::58 colonu003A colon;;59 semicolonu003B semicolon<<60 lessu003C less than==61 equalu003D equal>>62 greateru003E greater than??63 questionu003F question mark@@64 atu0040 at[[91 bracketleft u005Bsquare bracket left\\92 backslashu005C backslash]]93 bracketright u005Dsquare bracket rightˆ^94 circumflexu02C6 modifier circumflex^\(ha asciicircumu005E circumflex accent__95 underscoreu005F underscore‘`96 quoteleftu2018 left quote`\(gagrave u0060 grave accent{{123 braceleftu007B curly brace left||124 baru007C bar}}125 bracerightu007D curly brace right˜~126 tildeu02DC small tilde~\(ti asciitildeu007E tilde

8-bit Character Codes 160 to 255

They are interpreted as printable characters according to the latin1 (ISO-8859-1) code set, being identical to the Unicode range Latin-1 Supplement.

Input characters in range 128-159 (on non-EBCDIC hosts) are not printable characters.

160

the ISO latin1 no-break space is mapped to ‘\~’, the stretchable space character.

173

the soft hyphen control character. groff never uses this character for output (thus it is omitted in the table below); the input character 173 is mapped onto ‘\%’.

The remaining ranges (161-172, 174-255) are printable characters that print as themselves. Although they can be specified directly with the keyboard on systems with a latin1 code page, it is better to use their glyph names; see next section.

Output Input Code PostScriptUnicode Notes ¡¡161 exclamdown u00A1inverted exclamation mark¢¢162 centu00A2 currency unit££163 sterlingu00A3 pound sterling¤¤164 currencyu00A4 generic currency symbol¥¥165 yenu00A5 Japanese currency symbol¦¦166 brokenbar u00A6broken bar§§167 sectionu00A7 section sign¨¨168 dieresisu00A8 dieresis (umlaut)©©169 copyright u00A9copyright symbolªª170 ordfeminineu00AA feminine ordinal (Spanish)««171 guillemotleftu00AB left guillemet [sic]¬¬172 logicalnotu00AClogical not®®174 registered u00AEregistered mark symbol¯¯175 macronu00AF overbar accent°°176 degree u00B0degree sign±±177 plusminusu00B1 plus-minus sign²²178 twosuperior u00B2superscript 2³³179 threesuperioru00B3 superscript 3´´180 acuteu00B4 acute accentµµ181 muu00B5 micro sign182 paragraphu00B6 end of paragraphs marker··183 periodcenteredu00B7 centered period¸¸184 cedillau00B8 cedilla accent¹¹185 onesuperioru00B9 superscript 1ºº186 ordmasculineu00BAmasculine ordinal (Spanish)»»187 guillemotrightu00BB right guillemet [sic]¼¼188 onequarteru00BC 1/4 symbol½½189 onehalfu00BD 1/2 symbol¾¾190 threequartersu00BE 3/4 symbol¿¿191 questiondown u00BFinverted question markÀÀ192 Agrave u0041_0300 A graveÁÁ193 Aacuteu0041_0301 A acuteÂÂ194 Acircumflexu0041_0302 A circumflexÃÃ195 Atildeu0041_0303 A tildeÄÄ196 Adieresisu0041_0308 A dieresis (umlaut)ÅÅ197 Aringu0041_030A A ringÆÆ198 AEu00C6 A+E combinedÇÇ199 Ccedillau0043_0327 C cedillaÈÈ200 Egrave u0045_0300 E graveÉÉ201 Eacuteu0045_0301 E acuteÊÊ202 Ecircumflexu0045_0302 E circumflexËË203 Edieresisu0045_0308 E dieresis (umlaut)ÌÌ204 Igrave u0049_0300 I graveÍÍ205 Iacuteu0049_0301 I acuteÎÎ206 Icircumflexu0049_0302 I circumflexÏÏ207 Idieresisu0049_0308 I dieresisÐÐ208 Ethu00D0 E thÑÑ209 Ntildeu004E_0303 N tildeÒÒ210 Ograve u004F_0300 O graveÓÓ211 Oacuteu004F_0301 O acuteÔÔ212 Ocircumflexu004F_0302 O circumflexÕÕ213 Otildeu004F_0303 O tildeÖÖ214 Odieresisu004F_0308 O dieresis (umlaut)××215 multiplyu00D7 multiplyØØ216 Oslashu00D8 O slashÙÙ217 Ugrave u0055_0300 U graveÚÚ218 Uacuteu0055_0301 U acuteÛÛ219 Ucircumflexu0055_0302 U circumflexÜÜ220 Udieresisu0055_0308 U dieresis (umlaut)ÝÝ221 Yacute u0059_0301Y acuteÞÞ222 Thornu00DE Thornßß223 germandblsu00DF German double s (sharp s)àà224 agrave u0061_0300 a graveáá225 aacuteu0061_0301 a acuteââ226 acircumflexu0061_0302 a circumflexãã227 atildeu0061_0303 a tildeää228 adieresisu0061_0308 a dieresis (umlaut)åå229 aringu0061_030A a ringææ230 aeu00E6 a+e combinedçç231 ccedillau0063_0327 c cedillaèè232 egrave u0065_0300 e graveéé233 eacuteu0065_0301 e acuteêê234 ecircumflexu0065_0302 e circumflexëë235 edieresisu0065_0308 e dieresis (umlaut)ìì236 igrave u0069_0300 i graveíí237 iacuteu0069_0301 i acuteîî238 icircumflexu0069_0302 i circumflexïï239 idieresisu0069_0308 i dieresis (umlaut)ðð240 ethu00F0 e thññ241 ntildeu006E_0303 n tildeòò242 ograve u006F_0300 o graveóó243 oacuteu006F_0301 o acuteôô244 ocircumflexu006F_0302 o circumflexõõ245 otildeu006F_0303 o tildeöö246 odieresisu006F_0308 o dieresis (umlaut)÷÷247 divide u00F7divideøø248 oslashu00F8 o slashùù249 ugrave u0075_0300 u graveúú250 uacuteu0075_0301 u acuteûû251 ucircumflexu0075_0302 u circumflexüü252 udieresisu0075_0308 u dieresis (umlaut)ýý253 yacuteu0079_0301 y acuteþþ254 thornu00FE thornÿÿ255 ydieresisu0079_0308 y dieresis (umlaut)

Named Glyphs

Glyph names can be embedded into the document text by using escape sequences. groff(7) describes how these escape sequences look. Glyph names can consist of quite arbitrary characters from the ASCII or latin1 code set, not only alphanumeric characters. Here some examples:

\(ch

A glyph having the 2-character name ch.

\[char_name]

A glyph having the name char_name (having length 1, 2, 3, ...). Note that ‘c’ is not the same as ‘\[c]’ (c a single character): The latter is internally mapped to glyph name ‘\c’. By default, groff defines a single glyph name starting with a backslash, namely ‘\-’, which can be either accessed as ‘\-’ or ‘\[-]’.

\[base_glyph composite_1 composite_2 ...]

A composite glyph; see below for a more detailed description.

In groff, each 8-bit input character can also referred to by the construct ‘\[charn]’ where n is the decimal code of the character, a number between 0 and 255 without leading zeros (those entities are not glyph names). They are normally mapped onto glyphs using the .trin request.

Another special convention is the handling of glyphs with names directly derived from a Unicode code point; this is shown in the ‘Unicode’ column of the table below. In general, all glyphs not having a name as listed in this manual page can be accessed with the ‘\[uXXXX]’ construct; please go to section ‘Using Symbols’ in the groff info manual for more details.

Moreover, new glyph names can be created by the .char request; see groff(7).

In the following, a plus sign ‘+’ in the ‘Notes’ column indicates that this particular glyph name appears in the PS version of the original troff documentation, CSTR 54.

Entries marked with ‘***’ denote glyphs for mathematical purposes (mainly used for DVI output). Normally, such glyphs have metrics which make them unusable in normal text.

Output Input PostScriptUnicode Notes Ð\[-D] Ethu00D0 uppercase ethð\[Sd] ethu00F0 lowercase ethÞ\[TP] Thornu00DE uppercase thornþ\[Tp] thornu00FE lowercase thornß\[ss] germandblsu00DF German double s (sharp s)

Ligatures and Other Latin Glyphs

Output InputPostScript UnicodeNotes ff \[ff] ffu0066_0066 ff ligature +fi \[fi] fiu0066_0069 fi ligature +fl \[fl]fl u0066_006Cfl ligature +ffi \[Fi]ff iu0066_0066_0069 ffi ligature +ffl \[Fl]fflu0066_0066_006C ffl ligature +Ł\[/L] Lslashu0141 L slash (Polish)ł\[/l] lslashu0142 l slash (Polish)Ø\[/O] Oslashu00D8 O slash (Scandinavian)ø\[/o] oslashu00F8 o slash (Scandinavian)Æ\[AE] AEu00C6 A+E combinedæ\[ae] aeu00E6 a+e combinedŒ\[OE] OEu0152 O+E combinedœ\[oe] oeu0153 o+e combinedIJ \[IJ]IJ u0132I+J combined (Dutch)ij \[ij]ij u0133i+j combined(Dutch)ı\[.i] dotlessiu0131 i without a dot (Turkish)\[.j] dotlessju0237 j without a dot

Accented Characters

Output InputPostScript UnicodeNotes Á\[’A] Aacuteu0041_0301 A acuteC´\[’C] Cacuteu0043_0301 C acuteÉ\[’E] Eacuteu0045_0301 E acuteÍ\[’I] Iacuteu0049_0301 I acuteÓ\[’O] Oacuteu004F_0301 O acuteÚ\[’U] Uacuteu0055_0301 U acuteÝ\[’Y] Yacute u0059_0301Y acuteá\[’a] aacuteu0061_0301 a acutec´\[’c] cacuteu0063_0301 c acuteé\[’e] eacuteu0065_0301 e acuteí\[’i] iacuteu0069_0301 i acuteó\[’o] oacuteu006F_0301 o acuteú\[’u] uacuteu0075_0301 u acuteý\[’y] yacuteu0079_0301 y acuteÄ\[:A] Adieresisu0041_0308 A dieresis (umlaut)Ë\[:E] Edieresisu0045_0308 E dieresis (umlaut)Ï\[:I] Idieresisu0049_0308 I dieresis (umlaut)Ö\[:O] Odieresisu004F_0308 O dieresis (umlaut)Ü\[:U] Udieresisu0055_0308 U dieresis (umlaut)Ÿ\[:Y] Ydieresisu0059_0308 Y dieresis (umlaut)ä\[:a] adieresisu0061_0308 a dieresis (umlaut)ë\[:e] edieresisu0065_0308 e dieresis (umlaut)ï\[:i] idieresisu0069_0308 i dieresis (umlaut)ö\[:o] odieresisu006F_0308 o dieresis (umlaut)ü\[:u] udieresisu0075_0308 u dieresis (umlaut)ÿ\[:y] ydieresisu0079_0308 y dieresis (umlaut)Â\[ˆA] Acircumflexu0041_0302 A circumflexÊ\[ˆE] Ecircumflexu0045_0302 E circumflexÎ\[ˆI] Icircumflexu0049_0302 I circumflexÔ\[ˆO] Ocircumflexu004F_0302 O circumflexÛ\[ˆU] Ucircumflexu0055_0302 U circumflexâ\[ˆa] acircumflexu0061_0302 a circumflexê\[ˆe] ecircumflexu0065_0302 e circumflexî\[ˆi] icircumflexu0069_0302 i circumflexô\[ˆo] ocircumflexu006F_0302 o circumflexû\[ˆu] ucircumflexu0075_0302 u circumflexÀ\[‘A] Agrave u0041_0300 A graveÈ\[‘E] Egrave u0045_0300 E graveÌ\[‘I] Igrave u0049_0300 I graveÒ\[‘O] Ograve u004F_0300 O graveÙ\[‘U] Ugrave u0055_0300 U graveà\[‘a] agrave u0061_0300 a graveè\[‘e] egrave u0065_0300 e graveì\[‘i] igrave u0069_0300 i graveò\[‘o] ograve u006F_0300 o graveù\[‘u] ugrave u0075_0300 u graveÃ\[˜A] Atildeu0041_0303 A tildeÑ\[˜N] Ntildeu004E_0303 N tildeÕ\[˜O] Otildeu004F_0303 O tildeã\[˜a] atildeu0061_0303 a tildeñ\[˜n] ntildeu006E_0303 n tildeõ\[˜o] otildeu006F_0303 o tildeŠ\[vS] Scaronu0053_030C S caronš\[vs] scaronu0073_030C s caronŽ\[vZ] Zcaronu005A_030C Z caronž\[vz] zcaronu007A_030C z caronÇ\[,C] Ccedillau0043_0327 C cedillaç\[,c] ccedillau0063_0327 c cedillaÅ\[oA] Aringu0041_030A A ringå\[oa] aringu0061_030A a ring

Accents

The composite request is used to map most of the accents to non-spacing glyph names; the values given in parentheses are the original (spacing) ones.

Output Input PostScriptUnicode Notes ˝\[a"] hungarumlaut u030B (u02DD) Hungarian umlaut¯\[a-] macronu0304 (u00AF)overbar accent˙\[a.] dotaccentu0307 (u02D9)dot accentˆ\[aˆ] circumflexu0302 (u005E)circumflex accent´\[aa] acuteu0301 (u00B4)acute accent +`\[ga] grave u0300 (u0060)grave accent +˘\[ab] breve u0306 (u02D8)breve accent¸\[ac] cedillau0327 (u00B8)cedilla accent¨\[ad] dieresisu0308 (u00A8)umlaut accentˇ\[ah] caronu030C (u02C7)caron accent˚\[ao] ringu030A (u02DA) small circle, ring accent˜\[a˜] tildeu0303 (u007E)tilde accent˛\[ho] ogoneku0328 (u02DB)hook accent^\[ha] asciicircumu005Ehigh circumflex, ASCII character, in mathematicsthe power sign~\[ti] asciitildeu007Etilde in vertical middle, ASCII, in Unix-like thehome directory

Quotes

Output Input PostScriptUnicode Notes „\[Bq] quotedblbaseu201E low double comma quote‚\[bq] quotesinglbaseu201A low single comma quote“\[lq] quotedblleftu201C left double quote”\[rq] quotedblrightu201D right double quote‘\[oq] quoteleftu2018 single open (left) quote’\[cq] quoterightu2019 single closing (right) quote'\[aq] quotesingleu0027 apostrophe quote (ASCII 39)"\[dq] quotedblu0022 double quote (ASCII 34)«\[Fo] guillemotleftu00AB left guillemet [sic]»\[Fc] guillemotrightu00BB right guillemet [sic]‹\[fo] guilsinglleftu2039single left-pointing angle quotation mark›\[fc] guilsinglrightu203Asingle right-pointing angle quotation mark

Punctuation

Output InputPostScript UnicodeNotes ¡\[r!] exclamdown u00A1inverted exclamation mark¿\[r?] questiondown u00BFinverted question mark—\[em] emdashu2014 em-dash symbol +–\[en] endashu2013 en-dash symbol-\[hy] hyphen u2010hyphen symbol +

Brackets

The extensible bracket pieces are font-invariant glyphs. In classical troff only one glyph was available to vertically extend brackets, braces, and parentheses: ‘bv’. We map it rather arbitrarily to u23AA.

Note that not all devices contain extensible bracket pieces which can be piled up with ‘\b’ due to the restrictions of the escape’s piling algorithm. A general solution to build brackets out of pieces is the following macro:

.\" Make a pile centered vertically 0.5em
.\" above the baseline.
.\" The first argument is placed at the top.
.\" The pile is returned in string ’pile’
.eo
.de pile-make
. nr pile-wd 0
. nr pile-ht 0
. ds pile-args
.
. nr pile-# \n[.$]
. while \n[pile-#] \{\
. nr pile-wd (\n[pile-wd] >? \w’\$[\n[pile-#]]’)
. nr pile-ht +(\n[rst] - \n[rsb])
. as pile-args \v’\n[rsb]u’\"
. as pile-args \Z’\$[\n[pile-#]]’\"
. as pile-args \v’-\n[rst]u’\"
. nr pile-# -1
. \}
.
. ds pile \v’(-0.5m + (\n[pile-ht]u / 2u))’\"
. as pile \*[pile-args]\"
. as pile \v’((\n[pile-ht]u / 2u) + 0.5m)’\"
. as pile \h’\n[pile-wd]u’\"
..
.ec

Another complication is the fact that some glyphs which represent bracket pieces in original troff can be used for other mathematical symbols also, for example ‘lf’ and ‘rf’ which provide the ‘floor’ operator. Other devices (most notably for DVI output) don’t unify such glyphs. For this reason, the four glyphs ‘lf’, ‘rf’, ‘lc’, and ‘rc’ are not unified with similarly looking bracket pieces. In groff, only glyphs with long names are guaranteed to pile up correctly for all devices (provided those glyphs exist).

Output InputPostScript UnicodeNotes [\[lB] bracketleft u005Bleft square bracket]\[rB] bracketright u005Dright square bracket{\[lC] braceleftu007Bleft curly brace}\[rC] bracerightu007Dright curly brace〈\[la] angleleftu27E8left angle bracket〉\[ra] anglerightu27E9right angle bracket\[bv] braceexu23AAcurly brace vertical extension *** +\[braceex] braceexu23AAcurly brace vertical extension\[bracketlefttp] bracketlefttp u23A1left square bracket top\[bracketleftbt] bracketleftbt u23A3left square bracket bottom\[bracketleftex] bracketleftexu23A2left square bracket extension\[bracketrighttp] bracketrighttp u23A4right square bracket top\[bracketrightbt] bracketrightbt u23A6right square bracket bottom\[bracketrightex] bracketrightexu23A5right square bracket extension\[lt] bracelefttpu23A7left curly brace top +\[bracelefttp] bracelefttp u23A7left curly brace top\[lk] braceleftmidu23A8left curly brace middle +\[braceleftmid] braceleftmid u23A8left curly brace middle\[lb] braceleftbtu23A9left curly brace bottom +\[braceleftbt] braceleftbt u23A9left curly brace bottom\[braceleftex] braceleftexu23AAleft curly brace extension\[rt] bracerighttpu23ABright curly brace top +\[bracerighttp] bracerighttp u23ABright curly brace top\[rk] bracerightmidu23ACright curly brace middle +\[bracerightmid] bracerightmid u23ACright curly brace middle\[rb] bracerightbtu23ADright curly brace bottom +\[bracerightbt] bracerightbt u23ADright curly brace bottom\[bracerightex] bracerightexu23AAright curly brace extension\[parenlefttp] parenlefttp u239Bleft parenthesis top\[parenleftbt] parenleftbt u239Dleft parenthesis bottom\[parenleftex] parenleftexu239Cleft parenthesis extension\[parenrighttp] parenrighttp u239Eright parenthesis top\[parenrightbt] parenrightbt u23A0right parenthesis bottoom\[parenrightex] parenrightexu239Fright parenthesis extension

Arrows

Output InputPostScript UnicodeNotes ←\[<-] arrowleft u2190horizontal arrow left +→\[->] arrowright u2192horizontal arrow right +↔\[<>] arrowboth u2194horizontal arrow in both directions↓\[da] arrowdown u2193vertical arrow down +↑\[ua] arrowup u2191vertical arrow up +↑↓\[va] arrowupdn u2195vertical arrow in both directions⇐\[lA] arrowdblleft u21D0horizontal double arrow left⇒\[rA] arrowdblright u21D2horizontal double arrow right⇔\[hA] arrowdblboth u21D4horizontal double arrow in both directions⇓\[dA] arrowdbldown u21D3vertical double arrow down⇑\[uA] arrowdblup u21D1vertical double arrow up\[vA] uni21D5u21D5vertical double arrow in both directions\[an] arrowhorizexu23AF horizontal arrow extension

Lines

The font-invariant glyphs ‘br’, ‘ul’, and ‘rn’ form corners; they can be used to build boxes. Note that both the PostScript and the Unicode-derived names of these three glyphs are just rough approximations.

‘rn’ also serves in classical troff as the horizontal extension of the square root sign.

‘ru’ is a font-invariant glyph, namely a rule of length 0.5m.

Output Input PostScriptUnicode Notes |\[ba] baru007C \[br] SF110000u2502 box rule + \[ul] underscoreu005F + \[rn] overline u203E+ \[ru] ------ baseline rule +¦\[bb] brokenbar u00A6/\[sl] slashu002F +\\[rs] backslashu005C reverse solidus

Use ‘\[radicalex]’, not ‘\[overline]’, for continuation of square root.

Text markers

Output InputPostScript UnicodeNotes \[ci] circleu25CB +•\[bu] bullet u2022+‡\[dd] daggerdblu2021 double dagger sign +†\[dg] daggeru2020 dagger +◊\[lz] lozengeu25CA lozenge, diamond, pound key \[sq] uni25A1u25A1 white square +\[ps] paragraphu00B6 end of paragraph marker§\[sc] sectionu00A7 section sign +☞\[lh] uni261Cu261C hand pointing left +☞\[rh] a14u261E hand pointing right +@\[at] atu0040 at#\[sh] numbersignu0023 number sign↵\[CR] carriagereturnu21B5 carriage return✓\[OK] a19u2713 check mark, tick

Legal Symbols

Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes ©\[co] copyright u00A9+®\[rg] registered u00AE+™\[tm] trademarku2122\[bs] ------ AT&T Bell Labs logo +

The Bell Labs logo is not supported in groff.

Currency symbols

Output InputPostScript Unicode Notes $\[Do] dollaru0024 dollar¢\[ct] centu00A2 cent +€\[eu] ---u20ACoff icial Euro symbol€\[Eu] Eurou20ACfont-specific Euro glyph variant¥\[Ye] yenu00A5 Japanese Yen£\[Po] sterlingu00A3 pound sterling (British)¤\[Cs] currencyu00A4 Scandinavian currency signƒ\[Fn] florinu0192 Dutch currency sign

Units

Output InputPostScript UnicodeNotes °\[de] degree u00B0degree +‰\[%0] perthousandu2030 per thousand, per mille sign′\[fm] minuteu2032 arc minute sign +″\[sd] secondu2033 acr second signµ\[mc] muu00B5 mu, micro signª\[Of] ordfeminineu00AA feminine ordinal (Spanish)º\[Om] ordmasculine u00BAmasculine ordinal (Spanish)

Logical Symbols

 

Output InputPostScript UnicodeNotes ∧\[AN] logicaland u2227logical and∨\[OR] logicaloru2228 logical or¬\[no] logicalnotu00AClogical not + ***¬\[tno] logicalnot u00ACtext variant of ‘no’∃\[te] existential u2203there exists∀\[fa] universal u2200for all∋\[st] suchthatu220B sucht that∴\[3d] thereforeu2234 therefore∴\[tf] thereforeu2234 therefore \[or] baru007Cbitwise OR operator (as used in C) +

Mathematical Symbols

                 

Output InputPostScript UnicodeNotes ½\[12] onehalfu00BD 1/2 symbol +¼\[14] onequarteru00BC 1/4 symbol +¾\[34] threequartersu00BE 3/4 symbol +1⁄8\[18] oneeighthu215B 1/8 symbol3⁄8\[38] threeeighthsu215C 3/8 symbol5⁄8\[58] fiv eeighths u215D5/8 symbol7⁄8\[78] seveneighths u215E7/8 symbol¹\[S1] onesuperioru00B9 superscript 1²\[S2] twosuperior u00B2superscript 2³\[S3] threesuperioru00B3 superscript 3+\[pl] plusu002B plus in special font +−\[mi] minusu2212 minus in special font +\[-+] uni2213u2213 minus-plus±\[+-] plusminusu00B1 plus-minus + ***±\[t+-] plusminusu00B1 text variant of \[+-]·\[pc] periodcenteredu00B7 period centered⋅\[md] dotmathu22C5 multiplication dot×\[mu] multiplyu00D7 multiply sign + ***×\[tmu] multiplyu00D7 text variant of \[mu]⊗\[c*] circlemultiplyu2297 multiply sign in circle⊕\[c+] circleplusu2295 plus sign in circle÷\[di] divide u00F7division sign + ***÷\[tdi] divide u00F7text variant of \[di]⁄\[f/] fractionu2044 bar for fractions∗\[**] asteriskmathu2217 mathematical asterisk +≤\[<=] lessequalu2264 less or equal +≥\[>=] greaterequalu2265 greater or equal +<< \[<<] uni226Au226A much less>> \[>>] uni226Bu226B much greater=\[eq] equalu003D equals in special font +≠\[!=] notequalu003D_0338 not equal +≡\[==] equivalence u2261equivalent +/≡\[ne] uni2262u2261_0338 not equivalent≅\[=˜] congruentu2245congruent, approx. equal−∼\[|=] uni2243u2243 asymptot. equal to +∼\[ap] similaru223C similar +≈\[˜˜] approxequal u2248almost equal to≈\[˜=] approxequal u2248almost equal to∝\[pt] proportionalu221D proportional +∅\[es] emptysetu2205 empty set +∈\[mo] elementu2208 element of a set +∉\[nm] notelementu2208_0338 not element of set⊂\[sb] propersubsetu2282 proper subset +⊄\[nb] notsubsetu2282_0338 not supset⊃\[sp] propersupersetu2283 proper superset +/⊃\[nc] uni2285u2283_0338 not superset⊆\[ib] reflexsubset u2286subset or equal +⊇\[ip] reflexsuperset u2287superset or equal +∩\[ca] intersectionu2229 intersection, cap +∪\[cu] unionu222A union, cup +∠\[/_] angleu2220 angle⊥\[pp] perpendicularu22A5 perpendicular∫\[is] integral u222Bintegral +∫\[integral] integral u222Bintegral ***∑\[sum] summationu2211 summation ***∏\[product] productu220F product ***\[coproduct] uni2210u2210 coproduct ***∇\[gr] gradientu2207 gradient +√\[sr] radicalu221A square root +√\[sqrt] radicalu221A square root\[radicalex] radicalex---square root continuation ***\[sqrtex] radicalex---square root continuation ***\[lc] uni2308u2308 left ceiling +\[rc] uni2309u2309 right ceiling +\[lf] uni230Au230A left floor +\[rf] uni230Bu230B right floor +∞\[if] infinity u221Einfinity +ℵ\[Ah] alephu2135 alephℑ\[Im] Ifraktur u2111Gothic I, imaginaryℜ\[Re] Rfrakturu211C Gothic R, real℘\[wp] weierstrassu2118 Weierstrass p∂\[pd] partialdiffu2202partial differentiation + h\[-h] uni210Fu210FPlanck constant / 2pi (h-bar) h\[hbar] uni210Fu210FPlanck constant / 2pi (h-bar)

Greek glyphs

These glyphs are intended for technical use, not for real Greek; normally, the uppercase letters have upright shape, and the lowercase ones are slanted. There is a problem with the mapping of letter phi to Unicode. Prior to Unicode version 3.0, the difference between U+03C6, GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI, and U+03D5, GREEK PHI SYMBOL, was not clearly described; only the glyph shapes in the Unicode book could be used as a reference. Starting with Unicode 3.0, the reference glyphs have been exchanged and described verbally also: In mathematical context, U+03D5 is the stroked variant and U+03C6 the curly glyph. Unfortunately, most font vendors didn’t update their fonts to this (incompatible) change in Unicode. At the time of this writing (January 2006), it is not clear yet whether the Adobe Glyph Names ‘phi’ and ‘phi1’ also change its meaning if used for mathematics, thus compatibility problems are likely to happen – being conservative, groff currently assumes that ‘phi’ in a PostScript symbol font is the stroked version.

In groff, symbol ‘\[*f]’ always denotes the stroked version of phi, and ‘\[+f]’ the curly variant.

Output InputPostScript Unicode Notes Α\[*A] Alphau0391 +Β\[*B] Betau0392 +Γ\[*G] Gammau0393 +∆\[*D] Deltau0394 +Ε\[*E] Epsilonu0395 +Ζ\[*Z] Zetau0396 +Η\[*Y] Etau0397 +Θ\[*H] Thetau0398 +Ι\[*I] Iotau0399 +Κ\[*K] Kappau039A +Λ\[*L] Lambdau039B +Μ\[*M] Muu039C +Ν\[*N] Nuu039D +Ξ\[*C] Xiu039E +Ο\[*O] Omicronu039F +Π\[*P] Piu03A0 +Ρ\[*R] Rhou03A1 +Σ\[*S] Sigmau03A3 +Τ\[*T] Tau u03A4+ϒ\[*U] Upsilonu03A5 +Φ\[*F] Phiu03A6 +Χ\[*X] Chiu03A7 +Ψ\[*Q] Psiu03A8 +Ω\[*W] Omega u03A9 +α\[*a] alphau03B1 +β\[*b] betau03B2 +γ\[*g] gamma u03B3+δ\[*d] deltau03B4 +ε\[*e] epsilonu03B5 +ζ\[*z] zetau03B6 +η\[*y] etau03B7 +θ\[*h] thetau03B8 +ι\[*i] iotau03B9 +κ\[*k] kappau03BA+λ\[*l] lambdau03BB +µ\[*m] muu03BC +ν\[*n] nuu03BD +ξ\[*c] xiu03BE +ο\[*o] omicronu03BF +π\[*p] piu03C0 +ρ\[*r] rhou03C1 +ς\[ts] sigma1u03C2 terminal sigma +σ\[*s] sigmau03C3 +τ\[*t] tauu03C4 +υ\[*u] upsilonu03C5 +φ\[*f] phiu03D5 (stroked glyph) +χ\[*x] chiu03C7 +ψ\[*q] psiu03C8 +ω\[*w] omega u03C9 +ϑ\[+h] theta1u03D1 variant thetaϕ\[+f] phi1u03C6 variant phi (curly shape)ϖ\[+p] omega1u03D6 variant pi, looking like omega\[+e] uni03F5u03F5 variant epsilon

Card symbols

Output InputPostScript Unicode Notes ♣\[CL] clubu2663 black club suit♠\[SP] spadeu2660 black spade suit♥\[HE] heartu2665 black heart suit\[u2661] uni2661u2661 white heart suit♦\[DI] diamondu2666 black diamond suit\[u2662] uni2662u2662 white diamond suit

AUTHORS

This document was written by James Clark, with additions by Werner Lemberg and Bernd Warken, and revised to use real tables by Eric S. Raymond.

SEE ALSO

groff(1)

the GNU roff formatter

groff(7)

a short reference of the groff formatting language

An extension to the troff character set for Europe, E.G. Keizer, K.J. Simonsen, J. Akkerhuis; EUUG Newsletter, Volume 9, No. 2, Summer 1989
The Unicode Standard